General Data
General performances
It has an extension of 43.384 kilometers square and its population surpasses the million 100 thousand habitants. Although it projects the image of a net Andean department, most of its territory - that is equivalent to 3.44% of the national - is located in the high forest. One is located between' the 345' parallels 10º 39' and 12º 43' 11'' of' 32' dazzling South latitude 73º 23' and 76º 30' 01'' of west longitude. It welcomes in 4.66% of the Peruvian population. Its capital is the city of Huancayo, located on the 3.271 meters s.n.m., in the heat of located Valley of the Mantaro and in the left margin of the river of he himself name. Other cities of importance are Jauja, Conception, the Basket, Tarma, Satipo and Chanchamayo.
Historical review
The department of Junín rises today on which it was a region inhabited by huancas, seasoned inhabitants who finally were conquered by Inca Pachacutec in 1460. Huancayo happens to become then the main Regional Inn of the Inca trails. In 1534, the zone was occupied by the Spaniards. The 25 of April of that year, under the command of Francisco Pizarro, the first capital of Peru with the name Jauja. The 26 of 1538 July, after putting under Collas, Chancas and Incas, the conquerors found Tarma, the one that later became the greater contributor of the Spanish crown. On 1571, founded with category of town Huancayo. During the time of the Colony, before the Spanish abuse, their inhabitants showed their revolt. One of them, Juan Santos Atahualpa, put in check to the Spaniards during many years. Huancayo proclaimed and swore national independence the 20 of November of 1820 and two years later the government of Torre Tagle confers the title to him of Incontrastable City. Soon, the 6 of August of 1824, in Pampas of Junín, the definitive fight begins to exile to the realistic opresor. That day one of the most important battles of American history gains. During the war with Chile an incredible case of heroísmo occurred where the Toledos, mother and two daughters, to the control of a group of Indians armed with axes prevented the passage of the enemies, maintaining hard battles arriving to cut the mooring cables of a bridge when he was crossed by the invading army. It was in Junín that Marshal Andrés Avelino Cáceres, with a battalion of farmers armed of slings and stones freed the Campaign of the Scrub and prevented that the Chileans also invaded the center of the country.
6000 a.C. Caves of Telarmachay, Palcomayo and Panalauca; first vestiges of the man in the department.
Century IX d.C. Sanctuary of Huarihuilca, sacred place of huancas, shows influence of Tiahuanaco-Huari.
1460 Conquista of territory huanca by Incas.
1533 Brother Pizarro arrives at the valley of Mantaro-Huancayo.
1534 Spanish Foundation of jauja (20 of April) by Francisco Pizarro.
1538 Foundation of Tarma (26 of July).
1564 Felipe II grants to the nation huanca a shield of arms that graphical the alliance of this town with Corona (18 of mallet).
1572 Foundation of Huancayo (1 of July) by Jerónimo of Silva.
1593 Discovery Yauli mineral.
1635 Fray Jerónimo Jiménez improve successful in Chanchamayo.
1742 Rebellion of Juan Santos Atahualpa.
1820 Huancayo swears the Independence of Peru (20 of November).
1824 Battle of Junín in Chinchaycocha lake (6 of August)
1836 Junín department was created (10 of October).
1839 The Constituent Congress meets in Huancayo.
1854 Ramon Castilla signs in Huancayo the decree that declares abolished the slavery (3 of December).
1869 Foundation of La Merced (24 of September).
Foods and Typical Drinks
“Potatoes to huancaina” is the food more known Junín, which has stopped being part of its region and it has extended by all the country. Nevertheless, there are other original foods and different ingredients, all are typical. They have pachamanca, the head broth, patasca, yaku chupi, the colored guinea pig, huallpa soup, red pig and others.
They have also desserts they appear the leg gelatin, the candy of peach and its sponge cakes in form of babies (young new born), to drink chicha of jora exists and the “calientito” (licor aguardiente mixed with tea) for the cold.
