The first inhabitants of this denominated zone ANETSO PORROM-NO, that means “Place of Lagoons” were in a beginning territory of the ethnic group” Yanesha ". On 1635 the franciscanos missionaries founded the historical mission Hill of the Salt. In 1730 the missions had fructified, later came the setback from these with the rebellion of Juan Santos Atahualpa (1742 - 1760), who unified and fortified the tribes of the zone.
GEOGRAPHIC ASPECT
The district of Villa Rica is located in the Region “Andrés Avelino Cáceres Dorregaray”, Sub-region Central Forest, central part and Eastern of the department of Pasco, province of Oxapampa, located between the coordinates 75°, 15 ', 00” - 75°, 16 ', 20” of west longitude and 10°, 42 ', 30” - 10°, 45 ', 00” of South Latitude, on the 1.470 m.s.n.m.
Its territory presents a complex topography with heights that reach the three thousand meters on the level of the sea; in that the mountain ranges of San Carlos and part of Yanachaga are located; the hills of Salt. The Entaz river flows to the East, to the South part of the Paucartambo river; the rivers of Bocaz and Caczú give origin to the Palcazú river; surrounded by the Yezú rivers and lakes like the Oconal.
LIMIT
Capital of the district: VILLA RICA
• By the North With the district of Oxapampa
• By the South With the province of Chanchamayo
• By the East With the district of Puerto Bermúdez and Province of Chanchamayo
• By the West With the district of Oxapampa
DENOMINATIONS
“Garden of the Orquídeas”
“Ecological Refuge”
“Edén of the Coffee”
CLIMATE
According to the ecological floors it is between the Fluvial Yunga (1.000 - 2.300 m.s.n.m.) and the Quechua (2.300 - 3.500 m.s.n.m.) in the Eastern declivity of the
Andean Mountain range; its climate is tempered, own of Humid and semi warm the High Forest, in possibly dry the winter sports resort. Annual average temperature of 17.7°C. The relative humidity in average for the zone is of 89%.
POPULATION
SOCIAL ASPECT OF THE DISTRICT DE VILLA RICA
Villa Rica nourishes of three spirits or social consciences that maintain integral development of this zone and are presented like:
A. the Yanesha Nationality. - That occupies valleys of the rivers Entaz, Ñagazú, Caczú Bocaz, Palcazú, Chorobamba, Huancabamba and Chontabamba. They are characterized to conserve the communitarian spirit of its society including its cultural, medicinal and artistic tradition; extremely workers in good of its community; deposit takers of rich traditions and that jealously are conserved.
B. the Colonizadores European. - Among them, German (from Tirol and Renani) and their descendants who entered by Huánuco, Panao, Chaglla and Muña arriving at Pozuzo , after several years, colonized Oxapampa and Villa Rica; of there the brotherhood of the towns of Pozuzo, Oxapampa and Villa Rica. They represent the essence of the work and progress.
C.Andean Cs. the Colonizadores. - Coming from diverse departments of the country, mainly of Apurímac (Andahuaylas), Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Junín, Pasco, Ancash, Arequipa and Cajamarca; they represent not only the majority (80% of the population), but are the true creators of the wealth and the economic development of the zone.
CULTURAL MANIFESTATIONS
1.CULTURE YANESHA. - It represents the alive example of the survival and resistance the foreign cultural aggression; they are determined to fight . Between its main manifestations we have:
• Ceremonial Dance, in memory of the Gods: Yato, Yumpor and Yompire.
• The Po'napnora, old custom that is made when the adolescent arrives at his first menstruation. It has a preparation of three months.
• Meals and drinks, between these last ones, like Masato that is ferment produced with yucca. It is consumed in the celebrations and meetings of great solemnity.
• The Amuesha or language of this nationality.
2. ANDEAN CULTURE. - Reflected its social and folkloric customs, having between the main ones:
• Yunsa or cortamonte, dance around a tree transplanted, adorned with globes and serpentines.
• The Huaylash “Pallay Coffee”, prints folkloric of the valley of the Mantaro (Huancayo), represented by the huancaínos residents. Founded year 93, they appear in the Festival of the Coffee during the Supervisory Celebrations and it represents in its graceful movements the transplant, macheteo, harvests, pounded, load and delight of the incomparable villarricense coffee.
• The Chonguinada, original folkloric stamp of the district of Chongos (Huancayo), executed by the devotee ones of Mr. de Muruhuay established in Villa Rica and also by the Association of Chonguinos days 05, 06, 07 and 08 of June of every year, with typical orchestras, burns of castles, abundant food and liters of alcohol.
• The Negritos de Andahuaylas, Andahuaylinos residents in Villa Rica in the occasion of Christmas. They recall the joy of the slaves by the arrival of the liberating Boy dancing all the Night of Rooster.
3. EUROPEAN CULTURE. - Well-known like of the “Colonos”, descendants from Tirol and Renania made an effort ones, coming mainly from Pozuzo and Oxapampa. Its more well-known stamp is the Pairishpolka, mazurca, polka and the “Blue Danube”. The concertina, the guitar are their preferred musical instruments; whereas strúkala, the soup of balls are typical foods. Comfortable houses have the style from Europe (alpine). The men and women still maintain the characteristics ethnic: white faces, green or blue eyes, blond hair.
4. IN CHRISTMAS. - Each 25 of December, we celebrated the birth of Jesus, with Chocolate and milk in center of the Park after the Mass of Rooster while the Negritos de Andahuaylas dances all the night.
USEFUL INFORMATION
CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS:
Its location in high forest and being to a great extent in a valley, confers to him to the district characteristic climatic very peculiar. During the year two periods or differentiated stations exist affluent: the denominated “summer” or dry station that goes of May to October, more being marked of June September; and the denominated station “winter” or time of rains that goes of November to April, being marked of January March. The annual average precipitation is of 2379.15 mm July and August they are the coldest months (17°C), hottest September and October (28.9°C); the annual average temperature is of 22.63°C. Generally the climate is pronounced fresh and pleasant, the smooth winds in the originating afternoons of the northeast cross the valley and adjust the atmosphere.
DISTANCE IN KILOMETERS DE VILLA RICA A:
• Paucartambo Bridge 22 km
• Oxapampa (by Mesapata) 71 km
• Oxapampa (by It opens) 32 km
• Eneñas 9 km
• Caczú 35,5 km
• Iscozacín 105 km
• Puerto Bermúdez 110 km
• Huancabamba 98 km
• Chontabamba 85 km
• Pozuzo 49 km
The Nacional Park Yanachaga Chemillen
This park is located in the department of Pasco, province of Oxapampa, districts of Oxapampa, Villarica, Huancabamba and Pozuzo, on an isolated mountain range to the east of Peruvian Andes.
General performances
DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT:
29 of August of 1986
LEGAL DEVICE OF CREATION:
Supreme decree Not 068-86-AG.
POLITICAL LOCATION:
Region: Andrés Avelino Cáceres
Department: Pasco
Province: Oxapampa
The Nacional Park Yanachaga Chemillen This park is located in the department of Pasco, province of Oxapampa, districts of Oxapampa, Villarica, Huancabamba and Pozuzo, on an isolated mountain range to the east of Peruvian Andes.
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION:
District: Huancabamba, Oxapampa, Villarica and Pozuzo.
South latitude: 10° 33' 37” - 10° 17' 37”
West longitude: 75° 30' 21” - 75° 20' 39”
EXTENSION: 122 000 Hás.
It is refuge of wild life of the Pleistocene, time at which severe climatic changes occurred, as it demonstrates to the diversity of flora and fauna is there. It includes a altitudinal rank that goes from 2 500 to 3 800 m.s.n.m. One of its attractiveness is the innumerable amount of species of mosses, ferns, orquídeas, bromeliaceous, shrubs, canes and trees that are there. The region was occupied by ancestrally native Yaneshas, who are constituted in 30 communities in the region. The Yanachaga Mountain range for this ethnic group, they call “Chemillén” that means burned hill.
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION:
District: Huancabamba, Oxapampa, Villarica and Pozuzo. South latitude: 10° 33' 37” - 10° 17' 37” West longitude: 75° 30' 21” - 75° 20' 39” EXTENSION: 122 000 Hás. It is refuge of wild life of the Pleistocene, time at which severe climatic changes occurred, as it demonstrates to the diversity of flora and fauna to it that is there. It includes a altitudinal rank that goes from 2 500 to 3 800 m.s.n.m. One of its attractiveness is the innumerable amount of species of mosses, ferns, orquídeas, bromeliáceas, shrubs, canes and trees that are there. The region was occupied by ancestrally native Yaneshas, who are constituted in 30 communities in the region. The Yanachaga Mountain range is a place of totémico meaning for this ethnic group, to whom they call “Chemillén” that means burned hill. In century XIX, this region was colonized by migrantes South wind-Germans, who settled down themselves mainly in fertile valleys of the river basin of the Pozuzo River. Soon the colonization by Andean migrantes occurred that have come occupying the high parts from valleys.
Objectives
1. To protect the high river basins of the affluents of the rivers Palcazú, Huancabamba and Pozuzo, in order to guarantee the production maintained in adjacent valleys and natural disasters by the erosion of territories of protection.
2. To conserve natural areas that constitute a zone of security for established the native communities Yaneshas in the national park.
3. To integrate the national park to the regional economic development, by means of the advantage of its attractive for tourism, scientific and cultural use of himself.
4. To conserve representative samples of the ecosystems of the Eastern slopes from Andes until the Low Forest.
Climate
The Climate of this territory this defined by the adjustment of factors like the latitude, the altitude on the level of the sea and the direction of valleys and slopes.
According to the classification of Koopen recognizes 3 climatic types and subtypes:
-Warm and humid Climate (Aw)
- Tempered and rainy Climate (Cw)
- Cold Climate (Dwb)
Ecology
From the ecological point of view, the interrelation of environmental factors in this territory of origin to seven zones of traditional life and two formation according to the classification of Holdridge:
- Humid Forest - Tropical Premontano (bh
- PT) - Humid Forest - Montano Under Tropical (bh - MBT)
- Very humid Forest - Tropical Premontano (bmh - PT)
- Very humid Forest - Montano Under Tropical (bmh - MBT)
- Very humid Forest - Tropical Montano (bmh - TM)
- Pluvial Forest - Tropical Premontano (bp - PT)
- Pluvial Forest - Montano Under Tropical (bp - MBT)
- Pluvial Forest - Tropical Montano (bp - TM)
- Pluvial Desert - Subalpine Tropical (pp - the Sat)
FAUNA AND FLORA
Fauna
In each group they emphasize the following ones:
Mammals: Bear Large mask, tigers, wolf of river, sachacabra, sachavaca, machetero or rucupe, acomayo.
Birds: Tunqui or tipycal Peruvian gallito of rocks, watchmaker, quetzal, eagle arpía, tucanetas of height, cóndor of the forest.
Reptiles: Lamón, small lizards, caymans, huagaycondor, shushupe, mantona, NACA NACA.
Amphibians: Ranina, poisonous frog, glass frogs, frogs of direct development.
Fish: Sucking, bagrillos, corvina, zungaro, sabalo,etc.
A great diversity of Helmintos, Moluscos also exists, Insects like the phasmidos ones, tetigonidae, coleopter. Also the presence of a species of the living fossil of the Phyllum Onychophora has been registered.
The fauna is represented by 59 species of mammals: “jaguar” Panthera onca, “bear of eyeglasses” Tremarctos ornatus, “dwarfed deer” Pudu mephistophiles, “machetero” Donomys branickii, “manco” Barbarian Eyra; 427 species of birds: “eagle harpía” Harpia harpija, “gallito of rocks or tunki” peruviana Rupicola, “watchmaking” Momotus momota, “quetzals” Pharomachrus sp. and “tucanetas of height” among others.
Also are 16 species of reptiles those that we can mention: “lamón” and “jergón” Bothrops sp., “shushupe” Lachesis muta and “naka naka” Micrurus spp. In their rivers are 31 species of registered fish, such as “corvina” Salminus affinis, “boquichico” Prochilodus nigricans, “smooth” Schizodon fasciatum, etc.
Flora
Park Yanachaga Chemillén presents diverse formation and wooded characteristics of the Peruvian Central Forest and the humid montanos forests, forest species that have been object of an indiscriminate extraction, like the Ucumano and Strong Diablo, Cedars of Height, Walnut and Oak. They also emphasize a great diversity of Mosses, Ferns, Orquídeas, Bromelias, Bamboos, Lauraceas, Moráceas and Melaceas. Also there are palms of different sorts and species.
Access routes
Terrestrial route:
Western sector of the Park: Lima-Tarma-La Merced- Oxapampa- Pozuzo,
Eastern Sector from Lima - Tarma- La Merced - Villa Rica - Iscozacín (it is continued by boat).
Aerial route:
From the Airport of San Ramon aerotaxis for Oxapampa - Pozuzo can be contracted (Western Sector), Iscozacín (Eastern sector).
Direction for the Visitor
Who wish to visit the Park, she is recommended to do it between the months of May to October, in that rains are less intense and consequently the communication routes do not undergo of interruptions by sliding or swellings of the rivers. The visit with investigation intentions requires to fulfill several requirements of INRENA, and if somebody is interested to visit we can do all permissions request .
|
